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Linkedin
LinkedIn Logo 2013.svg
Type of business Subsidiary
Type of site
Social network service
Available in Multilingual (24)
Founded December 28, 2002; 14 years ago (2002-12-28)
Mountain View, California, U.S.
Headquarters Sunnyvale, California, U.S.
Area served Worldwide
Owner Microsoft Corporation
Founder(s) Reid Hoffman
Allen Blue
Konstantin Guericke
Eric Ly
Jean-Luc Vaillant
Key people Reid Hoffman (Chairman)
Jeff Weiner (CEO)
Industry Internet
Revenue Increase US$3 billion (2015)
Net income Decrease US$−166 million (2015)
Employees 9,732 (March 2016)
Parent Microsoft Corporation
Subsidiaries SlideShare
lynda.com
Slogan(s) Relationships Matter
Website www.linkedin.com
Alexa rank Steady 25 (September 2017)
Advertising Google, AdSense
Registration Required
Users 500 million members (April 2017)
Launched May 5, 2003; 14 years ago (2003-05-05)
Current status Active

LinkedIn (/ˌliŋkt.ˈɪn/) is a business- and employment-oriented social networking service that operates via websites and mobile apps. Founded on December 28, 2002, and launched on May 5, 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking, including employers posting jobs and job seekers posting their CVs. As of 2015, most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. As of April 2017, LinkedIn had 500 million members in 200 countries, out of which more than 106 million members are active. LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and "connections" to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. The "gated-access approach" (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship or an introduction through a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's members. LinkedIn participated in the EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles.

The site has an Alexa Internet ranking as the 20th most popular website (October 2016). According to the New York Times, US high school students are now creating LinkedIn profiles to include with their college applications. Based in the United States, the site is, as of 2013, available in 24 languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish, Japanese, Czech, Polish, Korean, Indonesian, Malay, and Tagalog. LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011 and traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD".

On June 13, 2016, Microsoft announced plans to acquire LinkedIn for $26.2 billion. The acquisition was completed on December 8, 2016. The transaction resulted in the payment of approximately $26.4 billion in cash merger consideration.

LinkedIn is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with offices in Omaha, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Washington DC, Sao Paulo, London, Dublin, Amsterdam, Milan, Paris, Munich, Madrid, Stockholm, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Australia, Canada, India and Dubai. In January 2016, the company had around 9,200 employees.

LinkedIn's CEO is Jeff Weiner, previously a Yahoo! Inc. executive. Founder Reid Hoffman, previously CEO of LinkedIn, is Chairman of the Board. It is funded by Sequoia Capital, Greylock, Bain Capital Ventures, Bessemer Venture Partners and the European Founders Fund. LinkedIn reached profitability in March 2006. Through January 2011, the company had received a total of $103 million of investment.

The company was founded in December 2002 by Reid Hoffman and founding team members from PayPal and Socialnet.com (Allen Blue, Eric Ly, Jean-Luc Vaillant, Lee Hower, Konstantin Guericke, Stephen Beitzel, David Eves, Ian McNish, Yan Pujante, Chris Saccheri). In late 2003, Sequoia Capital led the Series A investment in the company. In August 2004, LinkedIn reached 1 million users. In March 2006, LinkedIn achieved its first month of profitability. In April 2007, LinkedIn reached 10 million users. In February 2008, LinkedIn launched a mobile version of the site.

In June 2008, Sequoia Capital, Greylock Partners, and other venture capital firms purchased a 5% stake in the company for $53 million, giving the company a post-money valuation of approximately $1 billion. In 2010, LinkedIn opened an International Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, received a $20 million investment from Tiger Global Management LLC at a valuation of approximately $2 billion, announced its first acquisition, Mspoke, and improved its 1% premium subscription ratio. In October of that year, Silicon Valley Insider ranked the company No. 10 on its Top 100 List of most valuable start ups. By December, the company was valued at $1.575 billion in private markets.

LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011. The company traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD", at $45 per share. Shares of LinkedIn rose as much as 171% on their first day of trade on the New York Stock Exchange and closed at $94.25, more than 109% above IPO price. Shortly after the IPO, the site's underlying infrastructure was revised to allow accelerated revision-release cycles. In 2011, LinkedIn earned $154.6 million in advertising revenue alone, surpassing Twitter, which earned $139.5 million. LinkedIn's fourth-quarter 2011 earnings soared because of the company's increase in success in the social media world. By this point, LinkedIn had about 2,100 full-time employees compared to the 500 that it had in 2010.

In Q2 2012, LinkedIn leased 57,120 square feet on three floors of the One Montgomery Tower building in the Financial District of San Francisco, which was expanded to 135,000 square feet by 2014. In May 2012, LinkedIn announced that its Q1 2012 revenues were up to $188.5 million compared to $93.9 million in Q1 2011. Net income increased 140% over Q1 2011 to $5 million. Revenue for Q2 was estimated to be between $210 to $215 million. In November 2012, LinkedIn released its third quarter earnings, reporting earnings-per-share of $0.22 on revenue of $252 million. As a result of these numbers, LinkedIn's stock increased to roughly $112 a share.

In April 2014, LinkedIn announced that it had leased 222 Second Street, a 26-story building under construction in San Francisco's SoMa district, to accommodate up to 2,500 of its employees, with the lease covering 10 years. The goal was to join all San Francisco-based staff (1,250 as of January 2016) in one building, bringing sales and marketing employees together with the research and development team. They started to move in in March 2016. In February 2016, following an earnings report, LinkedIn's shares dropped 43.6% within a single day, down to $108.38 per share. LinkedIn lost $10 billion of its market capitalization that day.

On June 13, 2016, Microsoft announced that it would acquire LinkedIn for $196 a share, a total value of $26.2 billion and the largest acquisition made by Microsoft to date. The acquisition would be an all-cash, debt-financed transaction. Microsoft would allow LinkedIn to "retain its distinct brand, culture and independence", with Weiner to remain as CEO, who would then report to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella. Analysts believed Microsoft saw the opportunity to integrate LinkedIn with its Office product suite to help better integrate the professional network system with its products. The deal was completed on December 8, 2016.

In late 2016, LinkedIn announced a planned increase of 200 new positions in its Dublin office, which would bring the total employee count to 1,200.

In July 2012, LinkedIn acquired 15 key Digg patents for $4 million including a "click a button to vote up a story" patent.

In 2013, a class action lawsuit entitled Perkins vs. LinkedIn Corp was filed against the company, accusing it of automatically sending invitations to contacts in a member's email address book without permission. The court agreed with LinkedIn that permission had in fact been given for invitations to be sent, but not for the two further reminder emails. LinkedIn settled the lawsuit in 2015 for $13 million. Many members should have received a notice in their email with the subject line "Legal Notice of Settlement of Class Action". The Case No. is 13-CV-04303-LHK .

As of 2015, LinkedIn had more than 400 million members in over 200 countries and territories. It is significantly ahead of its competitors Viadeo (50 million as of 2013) and XING (11 million as of 2016). In 2011, its membership grew by approximately two new members every second.

The basic functionality of LinkedIn allows users (workers and employers) to create profiles, which for employees typically consist of a curriculum vitae describing their work experience, education and training, skills, and a personal photo. The site also enables members to make "connections" to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether a site member or not) to become a connection. However, if the invitee selects "I don't know" or "Spam", this counts against the inviter. If the inviter gets too many of such responses, the member's account may be restricted or closed.

A member's list of connections can then be used in a number of ways:

The "gated-access approach" (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship, or the intervention of a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's users. LinkedIn participated in the EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles.

In June 2012, cryptographic hashes of approximately 6.4 million LinkedIn user passwords were stolen by hackers who then published the stolen hashes online. This action is known as the 2012 LinkedIn hack. In response to the incident, LinkedIn asked its users to change their passwords. Security experts criticized LinkedIn for not salting their password file and for using a single iteration of SHA-1. On May 31, 2013 LinkedIn added two-factor authentication, an important security enhancement for preventing hackers from gaining access to accounts. In May 2016, 117 million LinkedIn usernames and passwords were offered for sale online for the equivalent of $2,200. These account details are believed to be sourced from the original 2012 LinkedIn hack, in which the number of user IDs stolen had been underestimated. To handle the large volume of emails sent to its users every day with notifications for messages, profile views, important happenings in their network, and other things, LinkedIn uses the Momentum email platform from Message Systems.

In 2014, Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit (CTU) discovered that Threat Group-2889, an Iran-based group, created 25 fake LinkedIn accounts. The accounts were either fully developed personas or supporting personas, and they use spearphishing or malicious websites to comprise victims' information.

LinkedIn 'applications' often refers to external third party applications that interact with LinkedIn's developer API. However, in some cases it could refer to sanctioned applications featured on a user's profile page.

On February 12, 2015 LinkedIn released an updated terms of use for their developer API. The developer API allows both companies and individuals the ability to interact with LinkedIn's data through creation of managed third party applications. Applications must go through a review process and request permission from the user before accessing a user's data.

Normal use of the API is outlined in LinkedIn's developer documents, including:

On a more rare occasion, applications have been developed by third parties to extend LinkedIn's native functions. For instance, LinkedIn does not allow users to define images that correlate with articles or links they share, but this can be done using a third party application like LinkedIn Advanced Share.

In October 2008, LinkedIn enabled an "applications platform" which allows external online services to be embedded within a member's profile page. Among the initial applications were an Amazon Reading List that allows LinkedIn members to display books they are reading, a connection to Tripit, and a Six Apart, WordPress and TypePad application that allows members to display their latest blog postings within their LinkedIn profile. In November 2010, LinkedIn allowed businesses to list products and services on company profile pages; it also permitted LinkedIn members to "recommend" products and services and write reviews. Shortly after, some of the external services were no longer supported, including Amazon's Reading List

A mobile version of the site was launched in February 2008, which gives access to a reduced feature set over a mobile phone. The mobile service is available in six languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese and Spanish. In January 2011, LinkedIn acquired CardMunch, a mobile app maker that scans business cards and converts into contacts. In June 2013, CardMunch was noted as an available LinkedIn app. In August 2011, LinkedIn revamped its mobile applications on the iPhone, Android and HTML5. At the time, mobile page views of the application were increasing roughly 400% year over year according to CEO Jeff Weiner. In October 2013, LinkedIn announced a service for iPhone users called "Intro", which inserts a thumbnail of a person's LinkedIn profile in correspondence with that person when reading mail messages in the native iOS Mail program. This is accomplished by re-routing all emails from and to the iPhone through LinkedIn servers, which security firm Bishop Fox asserts has serious privacy implications, violates many organizations' security policies, and resembles a man-in-the-middle attack.

LinkedIn also supports the formation of interest groups, and as of March 29, 2012 there are 1,248,019 such groups whose membership varies from 1 to 744,662. The majority of the largest groups are employment related, although a very wide range of topics are covered mainly around professional and career issues, and there are currently 128,000 groups for both academic and corporate alumni. Groups support a limited form of discussion area, moderated by the group owners and managers. Since groups offer the functionality to reach a wide audience without so easily falling foul of anti-spam solutions, there is a constant stream of spam postings, and there now exist a range of firms who offer a spamming service for this very purpose. LinkedIn has devised a few mechanisms to reduce the volume of spam, but recently took the decision to remove the ability of group owners to inspect the email address of new members in order to determine if they were spammers. Groups also keep their members informed through emails with updates to the group, including most talked about discussions within your professional circles. Groups may be private, accessible to members only or may be open to Internet users in general to read, though they must join in order to post messages.

In December 2011, LinkedIn announced that they are rolling out polls to groups. In November 2013, LinkedIn announced the addition of Showcase Pages to the platform. In 2014, LinkedIn announced they were going to be removing Product and Services Pages paving the way for a greater focus on Showcase Pages.

LinkedIn allows users to research companies, non-profit organizations, and governments they may be interested in working for. Typing the name of a company or organization in the search box causes pop-up data about the company or organization to appear. Such data may include the ratio of female to male employees, the percentage of the most common titles/positions held within the company, the location of the company's headquarters and offices, and a list of present and former employees. In July 2011, LinkedIn launched a new feature allowing companies to include an "Apply with LinkedIn" button on job listing pages. The new plugin allowed potential employees to apply for positions using their LinkedIn profiles as resumes.

Job recruiters, head hunters, and personnel HR are increasingly using LinkedIn as a source for finding potential candidates. By using the Advanced search tools, recruiters can find members matching their specific key words with a click of a button. They then can make contact with those members by sending a request to connect or by sending InMail about a specific job opportunity he or she may have. Recruiters also often join industry based groups on LinkedIn to create connections with professionals in that line of business.

Since September 2012, LinkedIn has enabled users to "endorse" each other's skills. This feature also allows users to efficiently provide commentary on other users' profiles – network building is reinforced. However, there is no way of flagging anything other than positive content. LinkedIn solicits endorsements using algorithms that generate skills members might have. Members cannot opt out of such solicitations, with the result that it sometimes appears that a member is soliciting an endorsement for a non-existent skill.

LinkedIn continues to add different services to its platform to expand the ways that people use it. On May 7, 2015, LinkedIn added an analytics tool to its publishing platform. The tool allows authors to better track traffic that their posts receive.

The LinkedIn Influencers program launched in October 2012 and features global thought leaders who share their professional insights with LinkedIn's members. As of May 2016, there are 750+ Influencers, approximately 74% of which are male. The program is invite-only and features leaders from a range of industries including Richard Branson, Narendra Modi, Arianna Huffington, Greg McKeown, Rahm Emanuel, Jamie Dimon, Martha Stewart, Deepak Chopra, Jack Welch, and Bill Gates.

In mid-2008, LinkedIn launched LinkedIn DirectAds as a form of sponsored advertising. In October 2008, LinkedIn revealed plans to open its social network of 30 million professionals globally as a potential sample for business-to-business research. It is testing a potential social network revenue model - research that to some appears more promising than advertising. On July 23, 2013, LinkedIn announced their Sponsored Updates ad service. Individuals and companies can now pay a fee to have LinkedIn sponsor their content and spread it to their user base. This is a common way for social media sites such as LinkedIn to generate revenue.

Inspired by Facebook's "social graph", LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner set a goal in 2012 to create an "economic graph" within a decade. The goal is to create a comprehensive digital map of the world economy and the connections within it. The economic graph was to be built on the company's current platform with data nodes including companies, jobs, skills, volunteer opportunities, educational institutions, and content. They have been hoping to include all the job listings in the world, all the skills required to get those jobs, all the professionals who could fill them, and all the companies (nonprofit and for-profit) at which they work. The ultimate goal is to make the world economy and job market more efficient through increased transparency. In June 2014, the company announced its "Galene" search architecture to give users access to the economic graph's data with more thorough filtering of data, via user searches like "Engineers with Hadoop experience in Brazil."

LinkedIn has used economic graph data to research several topics on the job market, including popular destination cities of recent college graduates, areas with high concentrations of technology skills, and common career transitions. LinkedIn provided the City of New York with data from economic graph showing "in-demand" tech skills for the city's "Tech Talent Pipeline" project.

Soon after LinkedIn's acquisition by Microsoft, on January 19, 2017, LinkedIn's new desktop version was introduced. The new version was meant to make the user experience seamless across mobile and desktop. Some of the changes were made according to the feedback received from the previously launched mobile app. Features that were not heavily used were removed. For example, the contact tagging and filtering features are not supported any more.

Following the launch of the new interface, some users, including blogger Zubair Abbas, complained about missing features which were there in the older version, slowness and bugs in the UI. The issues were faced by both free and premium users, and with both the desktop version and the mobile version of the site.

In January 2013, LinkedIn dropped support for LinkedIn Answers, and cited a new 'focus on development of new and more engaging ways to share and discuss professional topics across LinkedIn' as the reason for the retirement of the feature. The feature had been launched in 2007, and allowed users to post question to their network and allowed users to rank answers.

LinkedIn derives its revenues from four business divisions:

Some elements of the various subscription services are also on a pay per use basis like InMail.

LinkedIn has been described by online trade publication TechRepublic as having "become the de facto tool for professional networking". LinkedIn has also been praised for its usefulness in fostering business relationships. "LinkedIn is, far and away, the most advantageous social networking tool available to job seekers and business professionals today," according to Forbes. LinkedIn has also received criticism, primarily regarding e-mail address mining and auto-update.

In 2009, Syrian users reported that LinkedIn server stopped accepting connections originating from IP addresses assigned to Syria. The company's customer support stated that services provided by them are subject to US export and re-export control laws and regulations and "As such, and as a matter of corporate policy, we do not allow member accounts or access to our site from Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria."

In February 2011, it was reported that LinkedIn was being blocked in China after calls for a "Jasmine Revolution". It was speculated to have been blocked because it is an easy way for dissidents to access Twitter, which had been blocked previously. After a day of being blocked, LinkedIn access was restored in China.

In February 2014, LinkedIn launched its Simplified Chinese language version named "领英" (pinyin: Lǐngyīng; literally: "leading elite"), officially extending their service in China. LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner acknowledged in a blog post that they would have to censor some of the content that users post on its website in order to comply with Chinese rules, but he also said the benefits of providing its online service to people in China outweighed those concerns.

On 4 August 2016, a Moscow court ruled that LinkedIn must be blocked in Russia for violating a new data retention law, which requires the user data of Russian citizens to be stored on servers within the country. This ban was upheld on 10 November 2016, and all Russian ISPs began blocking LinkedIn thereafter. LinkedIn's mobile app was also banned from Google Play Store and iOS App Store in Russia in January 2017.

The Search, Network, and Analytics (SNA) team at LinkedIn has a website that hosts the open source projects built by the group. Notable among these projects is Project Voldemort, a distributed key-value structured storage system with low-latency similar in purpose to Amazon.com's Dynamo and Google's BigTable.

In the 2013 global surveillance disclosures, documents released by Edward Snowden revealed that British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) (an intelligence and security organisation) infiltrated the Belgian telecommunications network Belgacom by luring employees to a false LinkedIn page.

Q reports

Period Date Adjusted Actuals EPS GAAP EPS

Ratings

2016-07-11 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Group Hold
2016-07-09 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Hold
2016-06-26 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Sector Perform
2016-06-15 Downgrade Nomura Buy to Neutral $180.00 to $196.00
2016-06-15 Reiterated Rating BMO Capital Markets Market Perform $130.00 to $196.00
2016-06-15 Downgrade RBC Capital Outperform to Sector Perform $160.00 to $196.00
2016-06-15 Downgrade Nomura Holdings Inc. Buy to Neutral $180.00 to $196.00
2016-06-15 Downgrade Royal Bank Of Canada Outperform to Sector Perform $160.00 to $196.00
2016-06-14 Downgrade Stifel Nicolaus Buy to Hold
2016-06-14 Downgrade Argus Buy to Hold
2016-06-14 Downgrade Needham & Company LLC Buy to Hold
2016-06-14 Downgrade Cantor Fitzgerald Buy to Hold
2016-06-14 Downgrade Goldman Sachs Buy to Neutral $162.00 to $203.00
2016-06-14 Downgrade Axiom Securities Buy to Hold
2016-06-14 Downgrade Jefferies Group Buy to Hold $180.00 to $196.00
2016-06-14 Downgrade Goldman Sachs Group Inc. Buy to Neutral $162.00 to $203.00
2016-06-13 Downgrade Canaccord Genuity Buy to Hold $196.00
2016-06-13 Downgrade Avondale Partners Market Perform to Underperform $140.00 to $196.00
2016-06-13 Reiterated Rating Mizuho Neutral $145.00 to $196.00
2016-06-13 Downgrade First Analysis Overweight to Equal Weight
2016-06-13 Downgrade Piper Jaffray Overweight to Neutral $180.00 to $196.00
2016-06-13 Downgrade Wells Fargo Outperform to Market Perform
2016-06-13 Downgrade Macquarie Outperform to Neutral
2016-06-13 Downgrade Piper Jaffray Cos. Overweight to Neutral $180.00 to $196.00
2016-06-13 Downgrade Wells Fargo & Co. Outperform to Market Perform
2016-06-08 Upgrade RBC Capital Sector Perform to Outperform $160.00
2016-06-06 Reiterated Rating MKM Partners Hold $130.00
2016-06-04 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy
2016-05-22 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy
2016-05-20 Reiterated Rating Sterne Agee CRT Buy $218.00
2016-05-10 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Buy $180.00
2016-05-10 Reiterated Rating Needham & Company LLC Buy $200.00
2016-05-04 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $220.00
2016-05-02 Boost Price Target Avondale Partners Market Perform $120.00 to $140.00
2016-05-02 Downgrade SunTrust Buy to Neutral
2016-05-02 Downgrade SunTrust Banks Inc. Buy to Neutral
2016-05-01 Reiterated Rating Goldman Sachs Buy $155.00 to $162.00
2016-05-01 Boost Price Target Wedbush Neutral $130.00 to $140.00
2016-04-30 Reiterated Rating Credit Suisse Buy
2016-04-30 Reiterated Rating Sterne Agee CRT Buy $218.00
2016-04-30 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Neutral $130.00 to $140.00
2016-04-30 Reiterated Rating Macquarie Buy $225.00
2016-04-30 Reiterated Rating Credit Suisse Group AG Buy
2016-04-29 Reiterated Rating Morgan Stanley Equal Weight $125.00
2016-04-29 Reiterated Rating Canaccord Genuity Buy $175.00
2016-04-29 Boost Price Target RBC Capital Sector Perform $156.00 to $160.00
2016-04-29 Boost Price Target Piper Jaffray $180.00
2016-04-29 Set Price Target Nomura Buy $180.00
2016-04-29 Boost Price Target Mizuho Neutral $127.00 to $145.00
2016-04-28 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $210.00
2016-04-28 Downgrade JPMorgan Chase & Co. Hold
2016-04-28 Downgrade BMO Capital Markets Hold
2016-04-27 Downgrade Bank of America Sell
2016-04-27 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Overweight $175.00
2016-04-27 Reiterated Rating Needham & Company LLC Buy $200.00
2016-04-27 Downgrade Bank of America Corp. Sell
2016-04-25 Reiterated Rating SunTrust Hold $155.00
2016-04-25 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Neutral $200.00 to $130.00
2016-04-21 Downgrade OTR Global Positive
2016-04-19 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Overweight
2016-04-15 Reiterated Rating Evercore ISI Hold $155.00 to $135.00
2016-04-12 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Neutral
2016-04-08 Downgrade MKM Partners Buy to Neutral $150.00 to $130.00
2016-04-06 Lower Price Target Credit Suisse Outperform $230.00 to $176.00
2016-04-02 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Hold
2016-04-01 Lower Price Target Citigroup Inc. Neutral $194.00 to $130.00
2016-03-29 Downgrade Barclays Overweight to Equal Weight $205.00 to $130.00
2016-03-29 Downgrade Barclays PLC Overweight to Equal Weight $205.00 to $130.00
2016-03-16 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Overweight $175.00
2016-03-16 Downgrade Morgan Stanley Overweight to Equal Weight $190.00 to $125.00
2016-03-07 Reiterated Rating BMO Capital Markets Market Perform $150.00 to $130.00
2016-03-07 Reiterated Rating Canaccord Genuity Buy $220.00 to $175.00
2016-03-07 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $210.00
2016-03-05 Reiterated Rating Mizuho Hold
2016-03-04 Boost Price Target Mizuho Neutral $127.00 to $150.00
2016-02-22 Downgrade Goldman Sachs Conviction-Buy to Buy
2016-02-10 Lower Price Target MKM Partners Buy $310.00 to $150.00
2016-02-09 Downgrade Forward View Strong-Buy to Buy $289.00 to $142.00
2016-02-08 Reiterated Rating Argus Buy $190.00
2016-02-08 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Buy $310.00 to $180.00
2016-02-08 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Group Buy $310.00 to $180.00
2016-02-06 Reiterated Rating Barclays Buy
2016-02-06 Reiterated Rating FBR & Co. Hold
2016-02-06 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $300.00 to $210.00
2016-02-06 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Hold
2016-02-06 Reiterated Rating FBR & Co Hold
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Needham & Company LLC Buy $300.00 to $200.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Macquarie Buy $260.00 to $225.00
2016-02-05 Lower Price Target Stifel Nicolaus Buy $220.00 to $180.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Topeka Capital Markets Buy $280.00 to $225.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Overweight $287.00 to $175.00
2016-02-05 Lower Price Target Jefferies Group Buy $310.00 to $180.00
2016-02-05 Lower Price Target Evercore ISI Hold $245.00 to $155.00
2016-02-05 Lower Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $275.00 to $220.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Monness Crespi & Hardt Buy to Neutral
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Overweight $280.00 to $190.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Cowen and Company Outperform to Hold
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Credit Suisse Outperform $330.00 to $230.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Nomura Buy $235.00 to $180.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Goldman Sachs Buy $280.00 to $200.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Neutral $232.00 to $200.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Atlantic Securities Overweight to Neutral
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Sterne Agee CRT Buy $300.00 to $218.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade SunTrust Buy to Neutral $250.00 to $155.00
2016-02-05 Reiterated Rating Axiom Securities Buy $285.00 to $210.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Susquehanna Positive to Neutral $300.00 to $150.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade RBC Capital Outperform to Sector Perform $300.00 to $156.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Mizuho Buy to Neutral $258.00 to $150.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade BMO Capital Markets Outperform to Market Perform $280.00 to $150.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Raymond James Strong-Buy to Market Perform
2016-02-05 Downgrade JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight to Neutral $300.00 to $186.00
2016-02-05 Lower Price Target FBR & Co. Market Perform $189.00 to $135.00
2016-02-05 Lower Price Target Barclays Overweight $265.00 to $205.00
2016-02-05 Downgrade Raymond James Financial Inc. Strong-Buy to Market Perform
2016-01-22 Set Price Target Barclays Buy $265.00
2016-01-21 Reiterated Rating Nomura Buy $290.00 to $235.00
2016-01-21 Reiterated Rating SunTrust Buy $280.00 to $250.00
2016-01-13 Reiterated Rating Credit Suisse Outperform $330.00
2016-01-05 Boost Price Target Evercore ISI Hold $235.00 to $245.00
2015-12-13 Upgrade Sterne Agee CRT Neutral to Buy
2015-12-13 Reiterated Rating Barclays Overweight
2015-12-10 Initiated Coverage Nomura Buy
2015-12-04 Initiated Coverage Nomura Buy to Buy $290.00 to $290.00
2015-11-13 Boost Price Target Citigroup Inc. $240.00 to $271.00
2015-11-11 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Buy
2015-11-10 Boost Price Target MKM Partners Buy $285.00 to $310.00
2015-11-05 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Overweight $240.00 to $287.00
2015-11-02 Reiterated Rating KeyBanc Overweight $250.00 to $280.00
2015-11-02 Reiterated Rating Brean Capital Hold
2015-11-02 Reiterated Rating KeyCorp Overweight $250.00 to $280.00
2015-11-01 Reiterated Rating Barclays Buy
2015-10-31 Reiterated Rating FBR & Co. Hold
2015-10-31 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Buy
2015-10-31 Reiterated Rating Macquarie Buy
2015-10-30 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Buy $240.00 to $287.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $250.00 to $275.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Evercore ISI Hold $211.00 to $235.00
2015-10-30 Reiterated Rating Needham & Company LLC Buy $260.00 to $300.00
2015-10-30 Reiterated Rating SEB Equity Research Buy
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target BMO Capital Markets Buy $265.00 to $280.00
2015-10-30 Upgrade Sterne Agee CRT Neutral to Buy $300.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Cowen and Company Buy $260.00 to $272.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Mizuho Buy $240.00 to $285.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target FBR & Co. Market Perform $180.00 to $189.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Axiom Securities Buy $230.00 to $285.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target RBC Capital Outperform $275.00 to $300.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target FBN Securities $260.00 to $280.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Wedbush Neutral $200.00 to $232.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Susquehanna Positive $270.00 to $300.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Stifel Nicolaus $250.00 to $270.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Raymond James Strong-Buy $271.00 to $295.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Pacific Crest $250.00 to $280.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Macquarie Outperform $248.00 to $278.00
2015-10-30 Boost Price Target Jefferies Group $300.00 to $310.00
2015-10-30 Reiterated Rating Barclays Overweight $250.00 to $265.00
2015-10-28 Boost Price Target SunTrust Buy $275.00 to $280.00
2015-10-28 Upgrade BGC Financial Hold to Buy $250.00
2015-10-27 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $260.00
2015-10-26 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Hold $200.00
2015-10-26 Reiterated Rating Brean Capital Hold
2015-10-02 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Hold
2015-10-01 Initiated Coverage Wedbush Neutral $200.00
2015-09-25 Reiterated Rating JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight $300.00
2015-09-16 Upgrade Brean Capital Sell to Hold $172.00 to $184.00
2015-09-04 Reiterated Rating MKM Partners Buy $285.00
2015-09-02 Reiterated Rating Evercore ISI Hold $220.00 to $211.00
2015-09-01 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Hold
2015-08-26 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Overweight $250.00
2015-08-21 Reiterated Rating JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight $300.00
2015-08-10 Initiated Coverage Susquehanna Positive $270.00
2015-08-04 Reiterated Rating MKM Partners Buy
2015-08-03 Initiated Coverage Topeka Capital Markets Buy $260.00
2015-08-03 Reiterated Rating Needham & Company LLC Buy $250.00 to $260.00
2015-08-03 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Outperform $275.00
2015-08-02 Reiterated Rating BGC Financial Hold $250.00
2015-08-02 Reiterated Rating Raymond James Buy
2015-08-02 Reiterated Rating Brean Capital Sell
2015-08-02 Reiterated Rating FBR & Co. Market Perform $180.00
2015-08-02 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Overweight $250.00
2015-08-02 Boost Price Target Credit Suisse Outperform $307.00 to $311.00
2015-08-02 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $260.00
2015-08-01 Reiterated Rating SunTrust Buy $275.00
2015-08-01 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Group Buy $290.00 to $300.00
2015-08-01 Reiterated Rating Mizuho Buy $240.00
2015-07-31 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Hold $211.00 to $219.00
2015-07-31 Downgrade Avondale Partners Outperform to Market Perform
2015-07-31 Reiterated Rating JPMorgan Chase & Co. Buy $300.00
2015-07-31 Downgrade Evercore ISI Buy to Hold $250.00 to $220.00
2015-07-30 Reiterated Rating Barclays Buy
2015-07-28 Initiated Coverage MKM Partners Buy $285.00
2015-07-27 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $245.00
2015-07-27 Reiterated Rating Cowen and Company Buy $260.00
2015-07-27 Reiterated Rating Brean Capital Sell $172.00
2015-07-15 Upgrade Barclays Equal Weight to Overweight $225.00 to $250.00
2015-07-09 Initiated Coverage Mizuho Buy $240.00
2015-06-30 Reiterated Rating Evercore ISI Buy $250.00
2015-06-26 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $254.00
2015-06-25 Reiterated Rating BMO Capital Markets Buy
2015-06-09 Reiterated Rating Morgan Stanley Overweight $300.00 to $280.00
2015-06-05 Boost Price Target SunTrust Buy $250.00 to $275.00
2015-06-03 Reiterated Rating JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight $300.00
2015-06-01 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Buy $275.00
2015-05-20 Reiterated Rating Macquarie Outperform $248.00
2015-05-09 Reiterated Rating Macquarie Outperform $295.00 to $248.00
2015-05-09 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Group Buy $320.00 to $290.00
2015-05-09 Reiterated Rating Cowen and Company Outperform $290.00 to $260.00
2015-05-08 Reiterated Rating Sterne Agee CRT Neutral
2015-05-07 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Neutral $260.00 to $200.00
2015-05-07 Reiterated Rating Evercore ISI Buy $290.00 to $250.00
2015-05-07 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Outperform $300.00 to $275.00
2015-05-04 Upgrade Argus Hold to Buy $280.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $300.00 to $250.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Barclays Equal Weight $260.00 to $225.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Credit Suisse Outperform $331.00 to $307.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Cantor Fitzgerald Buy to Buy $280.00 to $245.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target SunTrust Buy to Buy $275.00 to $250.00
2015-05-01 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Overweight $295.00 to $250.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Stifel Nicolaus Buy $300.00 to $250.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Needham & Company LLC Buy $300.00 to $250.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Axiom Securities Buy $300.00 to $230.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Monness Crespi & Hardt Buy $300.00 to $285.00
2015-05-01 Reiterated Rating Piper Jaffray Overweight to Overweight $297.00 to $246.00
2015-05-01 Reiterated Rating Wunderlich Buy to Buy $300.00 to $260.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target FBR & Co. Market Perform $211.00 to $180.00
2015-05-01 Lower Price Target Brean Capital Buy $208.00 to $172.00
2015-04-29 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Outperform $300.00 to $275.00
2015-04-27 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Neutral $260.00
2015-04-12 Reiterated Rating RBC Capital Buy
2015-04-12 Reiterated Rating Brean Capital Sell $208.00
2015-04-12 Reiterated Rating Axiom Securities Buy $300.00
2015-03-20 Initiated Coverage Axiom Securities Buy $300.00
2015-03-16 Initiated Coverage Brean Capital Sell $208.00
2015-03-12 Boost Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $285.00 to $300.00
2015-03-10 Boost Price Target Pacific Crest Outperform $275.00 to $295.00
2015-03-06 Set Price Target Wunderlich Buy $300.00
2015-02-25 Initiated Coverage Morgan Stanley Overweight $310.00
2015-02-09 Boost Price Target CRT Capital Buy $250.00 to $315.00
2015-02-09 Boost Price Target Wunderlich Buy $250.00 to $300.00
2015-02-06 Reiterated Rating Sterne Agee CRT Hold
2015-02-06 Set Price Target Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $280.00
2015-02-06 Set Price Target Piper Jaffray Buy $297.00
2015-02-06 Set Price Target Citigroup Inc. Hold $206.00 to $248.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target Barclays Equal Weight $200.00 to $260.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target SunTrust Buy $240.00 to $275.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $240.00 to $285.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target FBR & Co. Market Perform $180.00 to $211.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target Evercore ISI $270.00 to $290.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target Credit Suisse Outperform $285.00 to $331.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target Stifel Nicolaus Buy $260.00 to $300.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target Monness Crespi & Hardt Buy $270.00 to $300.00
2015-02-06 Boost Price Target RBC Capital Outperform $245.00 to $300.00
2015-02-06 Upgrade Bank of America Neutral to Buy $320.00
2015-02-04 Downgrade BGC Financial Buy to Hold $230.00
2015-02-03 Boost Price Target JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight $253.00 to $300.00
2015-02-03 Upgrade Goldman Sachs Buy to Conviction-Buy $250.00 to $280.00
2015-01-23 Upgrade Raymond James Market Perform to Strong-Buy $280.00
2014-12-23 Boost Price Target Evercore ISI Buy $235.00 to $270.00
2014-12-19 Boost Price Target Topeka Capital Markets Buy $230.00 to $255.00
2014-12-18 Initiated Coverage Wells Fargo & Co. Outperform
2014-12-18 Initiated Coverage Wells Fargo Outperform
2014-11-03 Initiated Coverage Monness Crespi & Hardt Buy $270.00
2014-10-31 Reiterated Rating Credit Suisse Outperform $257.00 to $259.00
2014-10-31 Reiterated Rating Canaccord Genuity Outperform to Buy $230.00 to $240.00
2014-10-31 Boost Price Target CRT Capital Buy $230.00 to $250.00
2014-10-31 Reiterated Rating FBR & Co. Market Perform $156.00 to $180.00
2014-10-31 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Neutral to Hold $188.00 to $206.00
2014-10-30 Reiterated Rating Cowen and Company Outperform
2014-10-10 Reiterated Rating Susquehanna Positive $220.00 to $240.00
2014-09-26 Upgrade Cowen and Company Market Perform to Outperform $195.00 to $253.00
2014-08-26 Initiated Coverage First Analysis Overweight $280.00
2014-08-13 Initiated Coverage Stifel Nicolaus Buy $250.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Telsey Advisory Group Not Rated $205.00 to $245.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $225.00 to $230.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Piper Jaffray $270.00 to $282.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Wedbush $170.00 to $200.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target FBR & Co. Market Perform $141.00 to $156.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Cantor Fitzgerald Buy $225.00 to $250.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target RBC Capital Outperform $230.00 to $235.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Pacific Crest Outperform $220.00 to $250.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Macquarie $245.00 to $258.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight $235.00 to $241.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Goldman Sachs $230.00 to $250.00
2014-08-01 Lower Price Target Credit Suisse $270.00 to $257.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Cowen and Company $175.00 to $195.00
2014-08-01 Reiterated Rating CRT Capital Buy $225.00 to $230.00
2014-08-01 Reiterated Rating SunTrust Buy $240.00 to $225.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Jefferies Group Buy $280.00 to $300.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Susquehanna Positive $200.00 to $220.00
2014-08-01 Boost Price Target Evercore ISI $220.00 to $230.00
2014-06-26 Initiated Coverage Barclays Equal Weight $175.00
2014-06-03 Reiterated Rating Evercore ISI Overweight $240.00 to $220.00
2014-05-12 Lower Price Target Stifel Nicolaus $240.00 to $175.00
2014-05-12 Upgrade Ned Davis Research Sell to Neutral
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $250.00 to $225.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Pacific Crest $275.00 to $220.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target JPMorgan Chase & Co. $250.00 to $235.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target CRT Capital $235.00 to $225.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Wunderlich Buy $280.00 to $250.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Morgan Stanley Overweight $250.00 to $240.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Telsey Advisory Group Not Rated $300.00 to $219.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Stifel Nicolaus Buy $285.00 to $240.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target FBR & Co. Market Perform $190.00 to $141.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target RBC Capital Outperform $250.00 to $230.00
2014-05-02 Lower Price Target Cowen and Company $220.00 to $175.00
2014-05-02 Reiterated Rating Credit Suisse Outperform $270.00
2014-05-02 Reiterated Rating BMO Capital Markets Outperform
2014-04-28 Upgrade Ned Davis Research Sell to Neutral
2014-04-25 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Neutral $225.00 to $185.00
2014-04-14 Initiated Coverage Atlantic Securities Overweight $240.00
2014-04-09 Upgrade Topeka Capital Markets Hold to Buy $230.00
2014-03-26 Reiterated Rating Susquehanna Buy
2014-03-04 Initiated Coverage Morgan Stanley Neutral to Overweight $250.00
2014-02-26 Upgrade RBC Capital Sector Perform to Outperform $225.00 to $250.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Canaccord Genuity Neutral to Buy $270.00 to $250.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target FBN Securities $275.00 to $250.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Susquehanna $300.00 to $280.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Bank of America $240.00 to $232.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Goldman Sachs $285.00 to $256.00
2014-02-07 Reiterated Rating Morgan Stanley Overweight $260.00 to $250.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target RBC Capital Sector Perform $240.00 to $225.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Piper Jaffray $285.00 to $270.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Macquarie $280.00 to $270.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target JPMorgan Chase & Co. $275.00 to $250.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Evercore ISI $260.00 to $240.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target CRT Capital Buy $298.00 to $235.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Cantor Fitzgerald $260.00 to $240.00
2014-02-07 Lower Price Target Stifel Nicolaus $300.00 to $285.00
2014-02-07 Upgrade SunTrust Neutral to Buy $250.00 to $260.00
2014-02-05 Reiterated Rating Cowen and Company Market Perform
2014-01-17 Initiated Coverage Topeka Capital Markets Hold
2014-01-14 Initiated Coverage FBN Securities Outperform
2014-01-10 Reiterated Rating Wunderlich Sell
2014-01-07 Downgrade Bank of America Buy to Neutral $270.00 to $240.00
2014-01-02 Reiterated Rating Citigroup Inc. Neutral
2013-12-06 Upgrade BMO Capital Markets Market Perform to Outperform $235.00 to $270.00
2013-11-21 Downgrade Goldman Sachs Buy to Neutral
2013-11-21 Initiated Coverage Deutsche Bank Hold
2013-11-21 Initiated Coverage Oppenheimer Market Perform
2013-11-21 Initiated Coverage FBR & Co. Market Perform
2013-11-20 Initiated Coverage FBR & Co. Market Perform $214.00
2013-11-14 Initiated Coverage Stifel Nicolaus Buy $300.00
2013-11-14 Reiterated Rating Needham & Company LLC Buy $280.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target Piper Jaffray $270.00 to $285.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target JPMorgan Chase & Co. Overweight $259.00 to $275.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target Cowen and Company Market Perform $146.00 to $220.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target Credit Suisse Outperform $251.00 to $288.00
2013-10-30 Reiterated Rating Wedbush Neutral $195.00 to $225.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target Goldman Sachs $285.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target Canaccord Genuity Buy $230.00 to $270.00
2013-10-30 Reiterated Rating SunTrust Neutral $250.00
2013-10-30 Boost Price Target RBC Capital Sector Perform $210.00 to $240.00
2013-10-30 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Group Buy $255.00 to $280.00
2013-09-30 Boost Price Target Macquarie Buy $260.00 to $285.00
2013-09-26 Boost Price Target Wunderlich Buy $250.00 to $280.00
2013-09-24 Reiterated Rating Evercore ISI Overweight $250.00 to $280.00
2013-09-23 Reiterated Rating SunTrust Neutral
2013-09-19 Initiated Coverage CRT Capital Buy $302.00
2013-08-12 Upgrade Needham Hold to Buy $280
2016-07-11 Reiterated Rating Jefferies Group Hold
2016-07-09 Reiterated Rating Cantor Fitzgerald Hold
2016-06-26 Reiterated Rating Pacific Crest Sector Perform
2016-06-15 Downgrade Nomura Buy to Neutral $180.00 to $196.00
2016-06-15 Reiterated Rating BMO Capital Markets Market Perform $130.00 to $196.00

There is presents forecasts of rating agencies and recommendations for investors about this ticker

Major Shareholders

Name Relationship Total Shares Holding stocks
Nishar Dipchand SVP, Products, User Experience 0.07%  (78660) LNKD / OPWR / TRIP /
Scott James Kevin SVP, Engineering & Operations 0.06%  (63234) LNKD /
ROTTENBERG ERIKA VP, GC & Secretary 0.03%  (30914) LNKD /